A body-on-frame SUV has a passenger body mounted on a separate structural frame, much like a pickup truck. This layout is usually the better fit for heavy towing, high payload demands, repeated rough-road use, and chassis-mounted off-road equipment. A unibody SUV is usually the better fit for commuting because it is typically lighter, smoother, easier to maneuver, and more fuel-efficient. Construction is only a starting clue, however: the exact tow rating, payload label, axle ratings, tires, brakes, four-wheel-drive hardware, and crash-test results determine what a specific SUV can safely do.
Quick Answer
Choose a body-on-frame SUV when truck-like towing, payload, trail hardware, or rough-road durability matters most. Choose a unibody SUV when ride comfort, handling, parking ease, and fuel economy matter more. Do not treat construction type as a capability or safety rating; verify the exact model and configuration.
Key Takeaways
- Choose body-on-frame if towing capacity, payload, trail durability, and serviceable chassis-mounted hardware matter most.
- Choose unibody if ride comfort, fuel economy, handling, and daily commuting matter more.
- Do not buy by tow rating alone. Payload, tongue weight, axle ratings, cooling, hitch equipment, tires, and brakes all matter.
- Safety depends on the exact model. Check current NHTSA and IIHS ratings instead of assuming one construction type is automatically safer.
Last updated: July 31, 2026. This guide reflects U.S. manufacturer and safety-agency information available on that date. Model construction, towing ratings, equipment, and safety results can change by model year, market, trim, axle ratio, wheelbase, wheel size, and option package, so verify the exact SUV you plan to buy. [VERIFY: add the real author or technical reviewer in the CMS.]
Editorial scope: This is a research-based construction and buying guide. It compares manufacturer specifications and safety-agency guidance; it does not claim instrumented testing of every SUV named below.
What a Body-on-Frame SUV Is and Why It Matters
Think of a body-on-frame SUV as two main assemblies: a structural frame underneath and a separate passenger body mounted above it. The engine, drivetrain, suspension, steering gear, hitch structure, and many recovery or protection components attach to the frame. The body forms the cabin and also contains important occupant-protection structures, including the roof, pillars, doors, seats, restraints, and engineered crash zones.
This layout gives engineers a direct load path for towing, suspension forces, and chassis-mounted equipment. It can also make it easier to offer different wheelbases, bodies, and heavy-duty hardware on related truck platforms. It does not guarantee superior towing or off-road ability: actual ratings, suspension design, gearing, tires, cooling, ground clearance, and recovery provisions still decide how capable a specific SUV is.
Common U.S. examples include the Ford Expedition, Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, GMC Yukon and Yukon XL, Cadillac Escalade and Escalade ESV, Jeep Wrangler, Ford Bronco, Jeep Wagoneer and Grand Wagoneer, Toyota 4Runner, Toyota Land Cruiser, Toyota Sequoia, Lexus GX, Lexus LX, Lincoln Navigator, INFINITI QX80, Nissan Armada, Mercedes-Benz G-Class, and INEOS Grenadier. This is a nameplate guide, not a substitute for checking the exact model year and market; similarly named vehicles such as Bronco Sport and Wagoneer S use different architectures.
Note: “Body-on-frame” does not automatically mean “better.” It means the SUV is built for a different mission. The right choice depends on whether you need truck-like capability or carlike efficiency and comfort.
Body-on-Frame vs. Unibody: The Key Differences
A unibody SUV combines the body and structural frame into one integrated shell. Most compact and midsize crossovers use this layout because it saves weight, improves ride quality, and helps engineers build controlled crash structures into the vehicle body.
A body-on-frame SUV separates the frame from the body. That adds weight, but it also gives the vehicle a strong base for towing, payload, off-road articulation, and chassis-mounted gear.
| Category | Body-on-Frame SUV | Unibody SUV |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | Separate body mounted to a truck-like frame | Body and structure built as one integrated shell |
| Best for | Towing, hauling, off-roading, work use, overlanding | Commuting, family driving, fuel economy, comfort |
| Ride and handling | Often firmer, heavier, and less agile | Usually smoother, lighter, and more responsive |
| Towing and payload | Generally stronger, especially in full-size SUVs | Adequate for light towing, but usually lower-rated |
| Repairability | Frame, suspension, bumper, hitch, and recovery components can be easier to service or replace | Structural body repairs can be more complex after major damage |
| Efficiency | Usually lower because of extra weight and larger size | Usually better because the structure is lighter |
Is Body-on-Frame Always More Capable?
No. Body-on-frame is a construction method, not a capability rating. A well-engineered unibody SUV can tow, travel on rough roads, and perform well in crash tests, while a basic body-on-frame SUV may lack the payload, cooling, tires, gearing, clearance, or recovery hardware needed for your job.
| Question | What to Check | Why Construction Alone Is Not Enough |
|---|---|---|
| Can it tow my trailer? | Exact tow rating, payload label, tongue weight, GCWR, axle ratings, cooling, hitch, and trailer brakes | Two body-on-frame trims of the same SUV can have different limits. |
| Can it handle my trail? | Low range, lockers, tires, clearance, angles, skid plates, recovery points, and wheel travel | A frame does not create traction or protect exposed components by itself. |
| Is it safe for my family? | Current NHTSA and IIHS results, restraints, headlights, crash avoidance, rollover rating, and tires | Safety performance varies by model year and equipment. |
| Will it be easy to repair? | Damage location, corrosion, frame straightness, parts availability, repair procedures, and shop capability | Severe frame damage can be difficult or uneconomical to repair. |
Towing, Payload and Off-Road Durability
When you need heavy hauling, a body-on-frame SUV often makes sense because the frame provides a direct load path for the hitch, suspension, axle or subframe mounts, and drivetrain. Ford lists an available 9,600-pound maximum towing capacity for a properly equipped Expedition, while Chevrolet lists up to 8,200 pounds for a properly equipped 2026 Suburban. Those are maximum configuration ratings, not the limit for every vehicle on a dealer lot.
That said, the headline tow rating is only one number. To tow safely, check all of the following before you buy or hitch up:
- Maximum trailer weight: the heaviest trailer the SUV can tow in its specific configuration.
- Loaded trailer weight: the real trailer weight after water, fuel, food, tools, cargo, and accessories are added.
- Payload rating: the weight of passengers, cargo, accessories, and trailer tongue weight the SUV can carry.
- Tongue weight: the downward force the trailer puts on the hitch.
- Gross Combined Weight Rating: the maximum allowed weight of the loaded SUV and loaded trailer together.
- Hitch class and equipment: receiver rating, ball mount, brake controller, cooling package, mirrors, wiring, and weight-distribution equipment when required.
- Axle and tire ratings: especially important when the cabin is full of people and cargo.
Warning: Never rely on a brochure tow number alone. The real limit is the lowest-rated part of your setup: SUV, hitch, tires, axle ratings, payload, trailer brakes, or trailer itself.
[Products Worth Considering]
This heavy-duty 2-inch shackle hitch receiver adds dependable recovery capability to trucks, SUVs, ATVs, and UTVs. Built from carbon steel with corrosion-resistant finishing and protective isolators, it helps prevent scratches while delivering strong towing support for rugged recovery and hauling tasks. The dual pin-hole design allows flexible positioning for easier use in demanding conditions.
This trailer tongue weight scale helps you check hitch weight quickly and accurately before towing, reducing sway and improving overall safety. Built with durable steel and a spring mechanism, it works without batteries and includes a recalibration feature to maintain true-zero accuracy over time. It is designed for RVs, campers, and utility trailers, with a top plate that helps protect your coupler during use.
This adjustable tri-ball trailer hitch gives you flexible towing support with three hitch ball sizes and a 4.5-inch rise and drop for level hauling across different vehicles and trailers. Built for durability and convenience, it includes a tow hook, D-ring shackle, and a secure locking system for dependable towing, recovery, and off-road versatility.
How Do You Check Payload Before Towing?
- Read the vehicle-specific payload label. Use the tire-and-loading label on the driver’s door jamb, not a generic website number.
- Subtract people and cargo. Include passengers, luggage, tools, aftermarket bumpers, roof gear, and anything else carried by the SUV.
- Subtract hitch and tongue weight. Use the trailer’s real loaded tongue weight when available. A scale measurement is more useful than an estimate.
- Check every other limit. Confirm GVWR, front and rear GAWR, GCWR, receiver rating, tire load capacity, trailer rating, and brake requirements.
The payload remaining after those deductions must stay above zero, and no separate rating may be exceeded. If the setup is close to a limit, choose a lighter trailer, carry less cargo, or move to a higher-capacity tow vehicle rather than planning to operate at the published maximum.
Off-road durability is another strength. A frame-based SUV gives you better mounting points for skid plates, rock rails, recovery hooks, winches, reinforced bumpers, and long-travel suspension parts. The Jeep Wrangler, for example, is built around dedicated off-road hardware such as Trail Rated capability, steel skid plates, tow hooks, solid axles, available rock rails, available locking differentials, and low-range 4×4 gearing on Rubicon models.
Body-on-frame construction is most valuable when the SUV is doing truck-like work: towing heavy trailers, carrying payload, taking trail impacts, or supporting chassis-mounted recovery gear.
What You Give Up: Fuel, Comfort and Ownership Costs
The same strengths that make body-on-frame SUVs useful for towing and off-road work also create trade-offs. They are usually heavier than unibody crossovers, often sit higher, and often use larger engines, tires, brakes, and suspension parts.
- Fuel economy is usually lower. Extra weight, larger tires, four-wheel-drive hardware, and boxier shapes can reduce mpg.
- Ride comfort can be firmer. Body-on-frame SUVs may feel more trucklike over broken pavement, especially with off-road tires or heavy-duty suspension packages.
- Handling is usually less sharp. Higher ground clearance and more mass can make the SUV feel slower to respond in corners.
- Ownership costs can rise. Fuel, tires, brakes, shocks, alignments, and off-road wear can add up.
- Parking can be harder. Many body-on-frame SUVs are tall, wide, and long, especially full-size models like the Suburban, Expedition, Yukon XL, and Escalade ESV.
Pro Tip: Test-drive a body-on-frame SUV on the roads you use every day, not only on a smooth dealer route. Pay attention to braking feel, parking visibility, body motion, tire noise, turning space, and step-in height.
What Should You Inspect on a Used Body-on-Frame SUV?
Frame condition can matter more than mileage on a used truck-based SUV. Inspect the vehicle on a lift when possible, especially if it has lived in a road-salt area, towed frequently, been used off road, or carries a lift kit and oversized tires.
| Inspection Area | What to Look For | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Frame rails and crossmembers | Scaling rust, perforation, crushed sections, fresh undercoating over corrosion, bends, or poor welds | Structural corrosion or collision damage can make repairs unsafe or uneconomical. |
| Body mounts | Cracked rubber, collapsed mounts, rust around brackets, clunks, or uneven panel gaps | Worn mounts can increase vibration and let the body move improperly relative to the frame. |
| Suspension and hitch mounts | Elongated holes, cracks, bent brackets, damaged recovery points, or heavy hitch wear | These areas reveal hard towing, impacts, or poor recovery practices. |
| Modifications | Lift geometry, brake-line clearance, tire rubbing, altered bumpers, wiring, and missing fasteners | A rugged-looking build may reduce reliability, payload, braking, or stability if poorly engineered. |
Safety, Crash Ratings and Size Myths
Do not assume a body-on-frame SUV is automatically safer because it is larger, and do not assume a unibody SUV is automatically safer because it has a more integrated structure. Safety depends on the exact model year, crash structure, airbags, seat belts, driver-assistance systems, tires, roof strength, rollover resistance, headlights, and crash-test performance.
Use NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings and IIHS vehicle ratings before you buy. NHTSA evaluates frontal, side, and rollover performance. IIHS evaluates crashworthiness and crash avoidance technology. Check both because they test vehicles in different ways.
Also compare ratings correctly. NHTSA says frontal crash ratings should only be compared with vehicles in the same class and within 250 pounds of each other. Side and rollover ratings can be compared across classes. Not every new model has a complete rating immediately, so a missing result is not the same as a poor result.
Rollover resistance deserves special attention because many truck-based SUVs are tall and heavy. Tire condition, loading, speed, roof cargo, suspension lifts, and emergency steering can all affect stability. Keep loads low and within ratings, use the specified tires and pressures, and treat major lift or wheel-and-tire changes as handling modifications rather than cosmetic upgrades.
Note: If two SUVs are on your shortlist, compare the same model year, drivetrain, trim, headlights, and safety package. A lower trim can perform differently from a higher trim if equipment changes.
Top Body-on-Frame SUVs Today: Who Each Is Best For
The best body-on-frame SUV depends on the job. Some are built for towing. Some are trail tools. Others combine a truck frame with luxury cabins and advanced driver-assistance features.
[Products Worth Considering]
This proportional electric brake controller automatically applies trailer brakes based on your vehicle's braking force and speed for smoother, more responsive stopping. It is compatible with a wide range of tow vehicles and trailer setups, and includes an LED display for easy setup, diagnostics, and manual braking control. The included mounting hardware and plug-and-play port help make installation simple and convenient.
This proportional trailer brake controller provides smooth, responsive braking by automatically matching your tow vehicle’s stopping force for safer trailer control. The bright LED digital display makes it easy to monitor voltage output in real time, while adjustable braking and sync settings help tailor performance to different trailers and road conditions. Designed for quick installation and broad compatibility, it supports 1 to 4 axle trailers for dependable towing confidence.
This recovery tow strap kit is built for dependable vehicle recovery and towing in demanding conditions. The heavy-duty strap features fortified reinforced loops and high break strength for secure pulls, while the included D-ring shackles add versatility and reliable connection options. Designed for trucks, SUVs, ATVs, UTVs, and boats, it also includes protective isolators and a storage bag for safer, quieter transport and easy organization.
Which SUVs Are Still Body-on-Frame in the U.S.?
As of July 31, 2026, the following are common current U.S. body-on-frame nameplates. The list excludes similarly named unibody models and unusual architectures that do not fit the conventional separate-body-and-frame definition cleanly.
| Use Case | Current Nameplates | Important Distinction |
|---|---|---|
| Full-size family and towing | Ford Expedition/Expedition MAX, Chevrolet Tahoe/Suburban, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL, Toyota Sequoia, Nissan Armada | Tow and payload ratings vary sharply by wheelbase, drivetrain, axle ratio, wheels, and equipment. |
| Trail-focused | Jeep Wrangler, Ford Bronco, Toyota 4Runner, Toyota Land Cruiser, INEOS Grenadier | Bronco Sport is unibody; trail ability still depends on trim and hardware. |
| Large Jeep | Jeep Wagoneer and Grand Wagoneer | Do not confuse them with the unibody electric Wagoneer S. |
| Luxury | Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV, Lincoln Navigator/Navigator L, Lexus GX, Lexus LX, INFINITI QX80, Mercedes-Benz G-Class | Escalade IQ is a separate electric model and should not be grouped automatically with the gasoline Escalade architecture. |
Best for Towing
If your main job is towing a camper, boat, utility trailer, or car hauler, start with full-size body-on-frame SUVs. The Ford Expedition offers up to 9,600 pounds of available towing capacity when properly equipped. The 2026 Chevrolet Suburban adds substantial cargo space and up to 8,200 pounds of available towing capacity. Toyota lists up to 9,500 pounds for the 2026 Sequoia. Also compare the Chevrolet Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Cadillac Escalade, Lincoln Navigator, Nissan Armada, and INFINITI QX80, but use the door-jamb payload label and towing guide for the exact vehicle.
Before choosing, match the SUV to the trailer instead of chasing the biggest number:
- Find the trailer’s loaded weight, not just its dry weight.
- Add passengers, cargo, water, fuel, tools, and accessories.
- Check payload after tongue weight is included.
- Confirm the correct tow package, hitch, cooling, mirrors, wiring, and brake controller.
- Leave a safety margin instead of towing at the absolute limit.
Best for Off-Roading
If you want trail-ready capability, focus less on size and more on geometry, drivetrain, tires, and protection. The Jeep Wrangler is the classic choice because current Rubicon hardware includes low-range gearing, available front and rear locking differentials, electronic sway-bar disconnect, rock rails, solid axles, and strong aftermarket support.
The Toyota 4Runner is another strong pick. Toyota says the current generation uses the TNGA-F global truck platform with a high-strength boxed steel-ladder frame and offers up to 6,000 pounds of towing capacity. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus GX, Ford Bronco, Mercedes-Benz G-Class, and INEOS Grenadier also fit shoppers who want a frame-based SUV with serious trail hardware.
For off-roading, compare these features:
- Low-range gearing for slow, controlled crawling.
- Ground clearance for rocks, ruts, and deep trails.
- Approach, breakover, and departure angles for steep obstacles.
- Skid plates and recovery points mounted to strong chassis areas.
- Tire size and sidewall height for traction and impact protection.
- Locking differentials or advanced traction systems for loose surfaces.
Best for Luxury
Luxury body-on-frame SUVs are for buyers who want a commanding cabin, strong towing ability, and truck-based hardware. Compare the Cadillac Escalade, Lincoln Navigator, Jeep Grand Wagoneer, INFINITI QX80, Lexus LX, Lexus GX, and Mercedes-Benz G-Class.
Choose by priority, then verify the exact trim:
- Cadillac Escalade: start here for full-size cabin presence, technology, and long-wheelbase availability.
- Lincoln Navigator: start here for a comfort-focused three-row cabin and family road trips.
- Jeep Grand Wagoneer: compare it for three-row space, towing equipment, and premium features.
- INFINITI QX80: compare it for twin-turbo performance, three-row space, and available trail-oriented equipment.
- Lexus LX: start here when luxury and Land Cruiser-based off-road hardware both matter.
- Lexus GX: start here for a smaller luxury footprint with genuine low-range trail ability.
- Mercedes-Benz G-Class: start here for a ladder-frame luxury SUV with distinctive styling and serious off-road hardware.
How to Choose the Right Body-on-Frame SUV for You
Start with your real use case. A body-on-frame SUV is not automatically the best family vehicle, but it can be the right tool if you tow, explore remote roads, carry heavy gear, or want a rugged platform you can keep for years.
[Products Worth Considering]
This adjustable trailer hitch ball mount is built for secure, versatile towing with a standard 2 inch receiver, a 2 inch ball, and both drop and rise adjustment for better fitment. Rated for heavy-duty towing and designed with anti-theft locking pins, it helps keep your trailer secure while resisting harsh weather and road conditions. The pre-assembled design makes installation fast and tool-free, so you can get hooked up and ready to tow with confidence.
This trailer breakaway kit is designed for trailers with an existing electric brake system, helping activate the brakes if the trailer separates from the tow vehicle. It includes a battery, breakaway switch, and charger with an LED display for easy status checks, making it a practical safety upgrade for caravans and trailers. The side-mount design supports quick installation, while weather and corrosion resistance help it stand up to outdoor use.
This adjustable trailer hitch ball mount is built for dependable towing with a strong steel construction and a versatile fit for 2-inch receivers. Its adjustable drop and rise settings help you dial in the right towing height, while the lock and keyed anti-theft design add security. A black powder-coated finish helps resist rust and wear for lasting performance on trucks and other towing setups.
Choose Body-on-Frame If You Need:
- Heavy towing for campers, boats, trailers, or toys
- Higher payload for people, luggage, tools, and tongue weight
- Real four-wheel-drive hardware for trails or bad weather
- Durability for rough roads, job sites, ranch use, or overlanding
- Chassis-mounted accessories such as winches, steel bumpers, and skid plates
- Access to truck-platform parts and replaceable chassis-mounted components on some models
Choose Unibody If You Need:
- Better fuel economy
- A smoother daily ride
- Easier parking and lighter handling
- More carlike steering and braking feel
- Lower running costs
- A compact or midsize SUV mainly for commuting, school runs, and road trips
Quick Buying Checklist
- Define the mission. Towing, trails, commuting, family travel, luxury, or mixed use?
- Check the exact trim. Engine, axle ratio, drivetrain, wheelbase, tires, and tow package can change ratings.
- Calculate payload. Include passengers, cargo, accessories, and trailer tongue weight.
- Compare safety ratings. Use current NHTSA and IIHS results for the specific model year.
- Price the tires and brakes. Larger body-on-frame SUVs can be expensive to maintain.
- Inspect rust-prone areas. Used frame-based SUVs can hide corrosion on frame rails, crossmembers, suspension mounts, and hitch areas.
- Test the third row and cargo area. Some trail-focused SUVs have less family space than they appear to.
- Drive it in real conditions. Try parking lots, rough pavement, highway speeds, tight turns, and steep driveways.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are body-on-frame SUVs better?
They are better for towing, hauling, off-roading, and rugged long-term use. They are not automatically better for daily driving. If you want fuel economy, easy parking, smooth ride quality, and carlike handling, a unibody SUV is usually the better choice.
Which is safer: unibody or body-on-frame?
Safety depends on the specific vehicle, model year, crash structure, airbags, driver-assistance systems, tires, weight, and rollover resistance. Unibody vehicles often give engineers more freedom to build controlled crumple zones into the body, while modern body-on-frame SUVs can still perform well. Always check current NHTSA and IIHS ratings for the exact SUV you are considering.
What does it mean when an SUV is body-on-frame?
It means the SUV has a separate frame underneath the body. The drivetrain, suspension, tow hitch, recovery points, and many heavy-duty components mount to that frame. This layout is common on pickup-based SUVs and is useful for towing, off-road durability, and servicing some chassis-mounted components.
Is the Toyota RAV4 unibody or body-on-frame?
The Toyota RAV4 is a unibody SUV, not a body-on-frame SUV. Toyota says the 2026 RAV4 uses the TNGA-K unibody platform, which is designed for efficiency, ride comfort, and crossover-style practicality.
Which SUVs are still body-on-frame?
Common current U.S. examples include Ford Expedition, Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, GMC Yukon, Cadillac Escalade, Lincoln Navigator, Jeep Wrangler, Jeep Wagoneer and Grand Wagoneer, Ford Bronco, Toyota 4Runner, Toyota Land Cruiser, Toyota Sequoia, Lexus GX, Lexus LX, INFINITI QX80, Nissan Armada, Mercedes-Benz G-Class, and INEOS Grenadier. Check the exact model year and market because similarly named vehicles can use different architectures.
Do body-on-frame SUVs last longer?
They can last a long time when maintained well, especially because many use truck-style parts built for heavy use. Longevity still depends on service history, rust prevention, fluid changes, tire care, suspension maintenance, and how hard the SUV is used for towing or off-roading.
Is a body-on-frame SUV good for daily driving?
It can be, especially if you need space, towing strength, or bad-road confidence. For mostly city driving, school runs, and highway commuting, a unibody SUV often feels easier to park, smoother over pavement, and cheaper to fuel and maintain.
Is body-on-frame the same as four-wheel drive?
No. Body-on-frame describes how the vehicle is constructed. Four-wheel drive describes how engine torque can be sent to the wheels. A body-on-frame SUV may be rear-wheel drive or use part-time or full-time 4WD, depending on the model and trim.
Can a unibody SUV tow or go off road?
Yes. Some unibody SUVs have useful tow ratings, all-wheel drive, low-speed traction systems, skid protection, and substantial ground clearance. Use the exact tow and payload ratings for towing, and compare tires, gearing, clearance, recovery points, and underbody protection for off-road use.
Conclusion
A body-on-frame SUV is the right choice when capability matters more than maximum efficiency. It gives you a strong platform for towing, payload, off-road parts, recovery gear, and rough-road durability. The trade-off is that you usually give up some fuel economy, ride comfort, handling sharpness, and parking ease.
Choose body-on-frame if your SUV needs to work like a truck. Choose unibody if it mostly needs to commute, carry the family, and save fuel. Before buying, write down your loaded trailer weight, passenger and cargo load, trail needs, parking limits, and annual mileage. Then compare the exact payload label, towing guide, safety ratings, tire costs, and test-drive behavior of the vehicles on your shortlist.
Sources
- Ford Expedition specifications — maximum available towing, frame, drivetrain, seating, and cargo information.
- Chevrolet Suburban specifications — 2026 maximum available towing capacity, seating, and cargo space.
- Toyota 2026 Sequoia specifications — current maximum towing capacity and equipment information.
- Toyota 4Runner press information — TNGA-F truck platform, boxed steel-ladder frame, and towing capacity.
- Jeep Wrangler capability information — current off-road hardware, axles, low-range gearing, lockers, rock rails, and sway-bar disconnect.
- Toyota RAV4 press information — TNGA-K unibody platform confirmation.
- Lexus GX global information and Lexus LX global information — body-on-frame construction and ladder-frame details.
- INEOS Grenadier testing and development — ladder-frame construction and durability information.
- Mercedes-Benz G-Class information — ladder-frame construction on the electric G-Class.
- NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings and IIHS vehicle ratings — crash-test, rollover, crashworthiness, headlight, and crash-avoidance references.
